Direct evidence is given here through zooarchaeological and isotopic analyses, which testify to the existence of seasonal vertical mobility for animal herds in the South Caucasus as early as the second half of the 5th millennium BC: this is demonstrated by the absence of the herds, which included sheep, goats and cattle, in the vicinity of lowland settlements in the spring and summer seasons as they were moved to moist areas located in high elevation. However, this assumption was only based on the presence of certain artefacts and the architectural evidence, as well as on analogies with modern mobile groups living in the region and adjacent areas. The practice of herd mobility by Chalcolithic and Kura-Araxes populations in the Caucasus has often been postulated.
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